TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

Dosen Pembimbing : Astuti Pratiwi S.pd

Rabu,05 Oktober 2011

SEMESTER 1

Article

A          =  Baca konsonan/mati.

AN       =  Baca hidup/vocal.

Example  :  an  =>  Umbrella

                   a    =>  Unique book

                  an  =>  Eraser

                  a    =>  University

                  an  =>  Engineer

Present Tense (Verb+ing)

 is       =>   Tunggal = She,He,It.

Are     =>   Jamak  =  You,They,We.

Simple Present Tense  (S+V)

Do      =>   Jamak.

Does   =>   Tunggal.

Example : - Do you know 

                - Does you know

                - He doesn't know

- Habitual Activities (Kebiasaan)

- Narasi (Cerita)

- General Factual (Fakta Umum)

Past Tense  (Do,Does,Did+V)

Tunggal  =  S+V+S/es 

Example : She cookes cake.

Jamak                =  S+V

            Example : They play badminton everyday.

Rabu,19 Oktober 2011

Verb         :  Kata Kerja.

-  Cook                 - Run

-  Jump                 - Read

Noun        :  Kata Benda.

-  Guitar                 - Computer

-  Michropone         - Flower

Adjective  :  Kata Sifat.

-  Lazy                -  Stupid

-  Angry               -  Busy

Adverb     :  Kata Keterangan.

-  In the photos studio.

-  In the sircuit race.

-  In the market.

Noun ada 2 macam :
1.  Uncountable Noun (Tidak bisa di hitung).
     =>  Money,sugar,butter,rice.
2.  Countable Noun (Bisa di hitung).
     =>  Banana,car,singer.

Verb ada 2 macam :
1.  Regular Verb ( Beraturan).
        V1                    V2                 V3
     - Open              Opened          Opened
     - Walk               Walked          Walked
     - Watch             Watched         Watched
2.  Irregular Verb (Tidak Beraturan).
     - Eat                    Ate                 Eaten
     - Come               Came             Come
     - Bring                 Brought          Brought

Jika pelakunya tunggal gunakan S.
       Example  : 1. Anton reads magazine.

Jika pelakunya lebih dari 1 tidak digunakan.

        Example : 2. Andi and budi don't read magazine.         

Noun
1. Some (Beberapa/Banyak).
     => Digunakan untuk kalimat positif.
2. Any (Beberapa/Banyak).
     => Digunakan untuk kalimat negatif.


Much     :  Uncountable (How much is it ?).
Many     :  Countable (How many computers do you have ?).
A lot of  :  Uncountable & Countable.

Singular/Tunggal                 Jamak
Person                               People
Woman                              Women
Man                                   Men
Fish                                    Fish
Child                                  Children
Gold                                   Gold
Example :  1  (+) There is a ambulance in the hospital.
                     (-)  There isn't a ambulance.
                 2. (+) There are some people in the class.
                     (-)  There aren't any people.
Ordinal Number
1st   :   First                              5th      :  Fifth
2nd  :   Second                         6th      :  Sixth
3rd   :  Third                             21th    :  Twenty-First
4th   :   Fourth                           32nd   :  Thirty-second
Cardinal Number
1  :  One                              11  :   Eleven
2  :  Two                              12  :  Twelve
3  :  Three                            13  :  Thirteen
4  :  Four                             14   :  Fourteen

Present Continous  (Sedang Berlangsung).
Rumus  :   is,am,are+Ving
             example : They are making an application software.

Subject.P	Object.P	Possesive Adjective	Possesive.P	Reflexive.P
I	Me	My	Mine	Myself
You	You	Your	Yours	Yourselves
We	Us	Our	Ours	Ourselves
They	Them	Their	Theirs	Themselves
he	him	His	His	Himself
She	Her	Her	Hers	Herself
It	It	Its	its	Itself

Rabu,26 Oktober 2011

Much => Uncountable(Tidak bisa di hitung).

  Ex  :  Dhea has much sugar.

Many => Countable(Bisa di hitung).

  Ex  :  Rinto and Bayu have many motorcycle.

Little  => Uncountable(Tidak bisa di hitung).

  Ex  :  Raras has a little money.

few    =>  Countable(Bisa di hitung).

  Ex  :  Zaini and Mujib have few bycycle.

Tingkatan intensitas jumlahnya.

1. Many

2. A few

3. Few

                Singular                  Plural

                Computers               Computers

                Dress                       Dresses

                Library                     Libraries

                Woman                    Women

                Man                         Men

                Child                        Children

                Fish                          Fish

                Sheep                       Sheep

                Tooth                        Teeth

                Person                      People

     Knife                         Knives

This is       :  Ini.

   This is bus.

That is      :  Itu.

   That is train.

These are :  Ini (Banyak/lebih dari 1).

   These are seven planes.

Present(Sekarang)          :  -Simple present (yang sering terjadi).

  is,am,are                           -Present continous (Sedang terjadi sekarang).

  do does                              -Present perfect.

                                            -Present perfect continous.

Past(Tang telah terjadi)  :  -Simple past (Telah terjadi).

Was,were                            -Past Continous.

did                                       -Past perfect.

                                            -Past perfect continous.

Future(Akan terjadi)       : -Simple future.

is,am,are                            -Future continous.

going to,will                       -Future perfect.

                                           -Future perfect continous.

Simple Present (S+V1)

   Ex    : 1.(+) Rosa studies very diligent.

             2.(-)  She doesn't study very diligent.

             3.(+) Andi love suci.

             4.(-)  Suci don't love andi.

Present Continous (S+be+Ving)

   Ex    : 1.(+)  Rosa is studying very diligent.

             2.(-)   Rosa isn't studying very diligent.

             3.(+)  Andi is loving suci.

             4.(-)   Suci isn't loving andi.

Simple Past (Do,does,did+V1)

   Ex    : 1.(+)  We studied very diligent.

             2.(-)   You didn't study very diligent.

             3.(+)  Andi loved suci.

             4.(-)   Suci didn't love andi.

O'clock    :  Tepat

Past         :   Lewat

To            :  Menuju

Half          :  Setengah

Quarter    :  Seperempat

Example   : 5:05 = Five past ffive

                  4:55 = Five to five

                  5:15 = Quarter past five

                  5:30 = Half past five/Half to six

                  5:45 = Quarter to six

                  5:35 = Thirty-five past six

                  5:17 = Seventeen pest five

                  6:49 = Fourty-nine past six/Eleven to six

                  7:50 = Ten to eight

Still     :   Masih

Example  :   1. I’m still single.

                                 2. She’s still work.

Yet      :   Sudah/not yet  = belum.

            Example  :   1. I’m not married yet.

                                2. She’s not working yet.

                                 3. is she coming yet.

                                 4. I’m married yet.

To        :   Untuk/Ke.

            Example  :   I go to Bali.

In order to      :   Agar/supaya.

            Example  :   I go to bali in order to visit my grandfather.

Have to          :   Harus.

            Example  :   I have go to bali,because my grandfather is sick.

Will     :   Akan.

            Example  :   I will go to bali.

Won’t/Will not           :   Tidak akan.

            Example  :  I won’t go to bali.

TIME   :  At     1. I’m studying at 1.00 in the afternoon on Wednesday.

                In     2. In the morning.

                On   3. On Wednesday,on april,dll.

Present Perfect

Ø  Kejadian yang baru saja selesai terjadi.

Ø  Waktu kegiatan tidak dibutuhkan.

S + have(jamak) / has(tunggal) + V3

Waktunya :

v  Recently

v  Already

v  Just

v  Yet

Example        :  1. I have done my homework.

                           2. I have eaten my breakfast.

                           3. Tom has crashed his car again.

Simple Past

Ø  Yang telah terjadi.

 S+V2

Waktunya :

v  Yesterday

v  Last…….

v  ……Ago

Example        :  1. I did my homework.

                           2. I ate my breakfast.

                           3. Tom crashed his car two weeks ago.

Present Perfect Continous

Ø  Yang sedang terjadi/masih sedang terjadi.

 S + Have/has + been + Ving

Waktunya :

v  Since

Example        :  She has been  painting the living room since yesterday morning.

1.    Asking Opinion (Menanyakan Pendapat)

Ø  What do you think about…….?

Ø  What’s your opinion about…..?

Ø  How do you feel about……?

2.    Giving Opinion (Memberi Pendapat)

Ø  In my opinion,I think……

Ø  Well,I think…..

3.    Agreeing (Persetujuan)

Ø  I agree with……..

Ø  I have same opinion with…..

Ø  I think,your opinion is true

Ø  I think,that’s a good point

Ø  I go along with your opinion

4.    Disagreeing (Tidak Setuju)

Ø  I’m sorry,I’m not agree with….

Ø  Sorry,I can’t go along with….

Ø  Sorry,I think I have a different opinion

SEMESTER 2

Adjective clause (kalimat majemuk)

Relative pronoun à (who, whose, that, whom, which)

a.       Who : orang (subjek)

Example:

-          The man is very rich

-          He is standing  there

è The man who is standing there is very rich.

-          The boys are happy

-          They won the lottery

è The boys who won the lottery are happy.

-          The doctor is a heart specialist

-          He is examining  the patient

è The doctor who is examining the patient is a heart specialist.

b.      Whom : orang (objek)

Example:

-          Do you know the boy?

-          She looves him very much

è Do you know the boy whom she loves very much.

è The girl is whom I give a special reward is a bright student.

c.       Whose : orang (milik)

Example:

-          The man come from madagaskar

-          His skin is black

è The man whose skin is black comes from madagaskar.

-          We visited my uncle

-          His house is in the hill

è We visited my uncle whose house is in the hill.

v  People who verb

-The boys who broke my car are my causin.

v  People whom pronoun (people/kata ganti)

-People foreigner whom I had convercation came from U.S.

v  People whose noun

                  - A window is a women whose husband is dead.

d.      Which : non human

Example:

-          The concert which I saw last night was boring.

-          The hamster which is sleeping under the table is funny.

e.      Why : alas an

-          Give me one good reason why you did that.

f.        When : waktu

-          This is the year when the Olympic games are held.

g.       Where : tempat

            Here is the house where I live.

h.      That : all human/non human.

MODALS

Modals +V1

è    Possibility : could, may, might (Kemungkinan).

Ex: he might go to school inthis heavy rain.

è Advisable : had better, ought to, should (Saran).

Ex: you should come time.

è Intention : shale, will (Tujuan).

è  Necessity  : must, have to (Keharusan).

Ex:       I have to go now.

I must sleep now.

è Past habit : would.

Penggunaan modals

-          Could/may/might            : the speaker has no information and only guessing.

-          Should/ought to                 : the speaker has some information.

-          Must                                : the speaker is almost sure.

-          Will/going to                   : the speaker is sure.

Example :

-          He could stay at home.

-          He should stay at home.

-          He must stay at home.

-          He will stay at home.

Modals past events

Should – have + V3 – seharusnya.

Must – have + V3 – kesimpulan, waktu lampau.

Could – have + V3 – kemampuan tidak dilakukan.

Might – have + V3 – kemungkinan pada masa lampau.

Preference (pilihan)

1.       I would rather eat apple than drink apple juice.

2.       I prefer drinking coffee to eating chocolate.

3.       I like tea better than coffee.

4.       I would preper to dance rather than sing.

Comparative and superlative

1.       Comparative = membandingkan

-           er … than à 1 suku kata dan 2 suku kata akhiran ‘y’.

-          More ... than à lebih dari dua suku kata.

2.       Superlative = paling

-          The ... est à 1 suku kata dan 2 suku kata akhiran ‘y‘.

-          The most... à lebih dari 2 suku kata.

Example:

-          Jane is sillier than john

-          Budi is smarter than andi

-          Budi is the smartest student

-          Budi is more diligent than andi

-          Budi is the most diligent student

Positive	comparative	superlative
expensive	more expensive	most expensive
full	fuller	fullest
fresh	fresher	freshest
exciting	more exciting	most exciting
dangerous	more dangerous	most dengarous
cheap	cheaper	cheapest
funny	funnier	funniest
popular	more popular	most popular
long	longer	longest
deep	deeper	deepest

irregular forms of comparative/superlative

positive	comparative	superlative
best	good	better
worse	worst	bad
far	further	furthest
little	less	least

example:

-          my cars are better than his

-          my car is better than his car

-          my car is the best car

Conditional sentence

1.       if  +  V1/be, modals 1 + V1

àreal, mungkin terjadi

Ex:

-          if I have money, I will go to L.A.

-          if you eat breakfast, you will get enough energy.

2.       If  + V2/were, modals 2 + V1

àunreal, tidak mungkin terjadi sekarang

Ex:

- If I were a president, I would over come the corruption.

- I’m not president.

- If I were you, I would go with him.

- I’m not you.

3.       If + had+V3/had been, modals 2 + have + V3

àunreal, bertentangan dengan masa lalu

Ex:

- If SBY had been a president 10 years ago, the would have grown the indonesia factory.

- he was not a president 10 years ago.

- if you had been there yesterday, you would have met him.

- you didn’t go there yesterday.

Conjunction (kata penghubung)

1.       And à sejajar

Ex:

-          I like dancing and swimming

Ving              Ving

-          I eat friedrice and drink milk

   V1                              V1

2.       Not only                 but also             

Ex: she is not only smart but also beautiful.

3.       Even though, although (walaupun)

Ex:

-          Eventhough à kondisi (-) hasil (+)

1. Eventhough ram hadn’t studied, he passed the exam.

-          Although à kondisi (+) hasil (-)

1. Although ram had studied very hard, he didn’t score well.

Reading comprehension

1.       skiming (baca sekilas/the main idea/topic)

àteknik untuk menemukan informasi umum.

àto find the general information.

(in the first sentences in each paragraph)

2.       scanning

àto find the specific information.

àfind the information that is needed.

3.       Context clue

àcomprehend the unfamiliar words based on the context.

Gerund

Gerund adalah Kata benda yang di bentuk oleh kata kerja Ving

1.       As subject

-          Swimming a good sport

-          Your singing is very beautiful

-          My feeling says that

-          Gardening is one of my hobbies

2.       After verbs

-          Admit                                                - mind                                           - continue

-          Appreciate                                        - miss                                            - dislike

-          Avoid                                                - object to                                     - hate

-          Consider                                           - postpone                                     - like

-          Confess to                                         - practice                                       - love

-          Complete                                          - quit                                              - look forward to

-          Delay                                                - regret                                           - start

-          Deny                                                 - suggest                                         - stop

-          Enjoy                                                - begin                                             - remember

-          Finish                                                - can’t stand                                     - forget

S = see

L = listen                                            ex:          - I love collection football shirts

O = observe                                                       - I love playing football

W = watch                                                         - I saw the boat sinking

Not = notice                                                       - I watch this tv falling down

F = feel

La = look at

S = smeel

H = hear

O + Ving

G = get used to

T = take to

O = object to

L = look forward to

Ex:         

-          I want to stop smoking

-          Have you finished reading the book yet

-          I am looking forward to seing you soon

-          No one has confessed to stealing my money yet

-          My brother never forgets locking his car

-          Tony always a voids answering my question

-           I like fishing on Sunday

-          Ralpis considering buying a news house

To + V1

3.       After preposition

-          He gave up smoking because of his doctor advice

-          I’m worried about moking mistakes

-          Are you afraid of sleeping in the dark

-          Will you be capable of finishing your work by noon tomorrow

-          He always has an excuse for being late

-          Have you found the best methode for improving your English?

-          After doing the homework, I will play football

-          Cats usully snore white sleeping

Question tags = pertanyaan singkat

(+) she speaks English

(-) she doesn’t speak English

(?) does she speak English?

(Qt) she speaks English, doesn’t she?

(Qt) she doesn’t speaks English, does ahe?

sentence	Qt
+	-
-	+

Example:

-          That’s a great song, isn’t it?

-          They’re working at the office now, aren’t they?

-          He can play the trumpet, can’t he?

-          You haven’t finished yet, have you?

-          It was cold yesterday, wasn’t it?

-          Tom and George were waiting at the station, weren’t they?

-          Sherly went to the party last night, didn’t she?

-          She’s been studying a lot recently, hasn’t she?

-          She’ll come at six, won’t she?

-          They won’t be late, will they?